How I Chose the Best Slow Feeder for My Horse

My quest to offer slow fed free choice forage began in 2008 because I had an insulin-resistant mare, Lily, that I was determined to keep happy and healthy. While researching and learning the importance of slow feeding and eating from ground level, I could not find a slow feeder to purchase that was 1) safe, and 2) slowed down my horse’s consumption rate enough. In addition, ease of “loading” and the weight of the feeder became key challenges. And so began my four year experimental journey of creating a slow feeder that met my needs.

During that time I bought, designed, built and prototyped a variety of slow feeders and slow feed hay bags for my and Lily's use. Following are the pros and cons I discovered while experimenting with my own version of each slow feeder type: hard-sided, webbing mesh, and netting.

If you've read any of my blog posts, you know I am a proponent of slow fed free choice forage and providing a natural lifestyle for our horses - and that I ultimately designed my own slow feeder - the Hay Pillow®.

I know what it's like to want the best for your equine partner, to embark on an exploratory journey, and to be overwhelmed in the process. For those of you who are new to slow feeding free choice forage - or are still experimenting with finding the best slow feeders to accommodate a 24/7 feeding protocol - I offer my findings and lessons learned in hopes the information may help you in your journey.

My criteria included:

• How effective the feeders were.
• Ease of loading/transport - I wanted the ability to offer numerous feeding stations to encourage movement that were quick to load and not burdensome to distribute.
• Potential harm to the horse. Harm can occur from pilot error regardless of the slow feeder device. For example: 1)  An opening size that is too small causing frustration, subsequently forcing your equine to scrape their teeth across an abrasive surface to extract hay; 2) Over loading/packing hay too tight making it difficult to access; and 3) Anxious meal fed individuals with little to no patience who can damage a feeder and/or injure themselves. 

Full Disclosure - While we ultimately determined netting was the most effective for slow feeding, both hard-sided and webbing mesh devices are successful for many.  We are not discouraging their use as long as they are effective, encourage movement and cause no harm!

Pictured are feeders I made in 2009 with hard rubber tubs.  Here's what I learned based on these designs:

• Effectiveness - My experience was that both of these either fed too fast or the horses could not eat at all with smaller openings because the ends of the hay were flattened. There was no in between in regards to rate of consumption.
• Ease of loading and transporting - Loading with hay was fairly quick, although I needed to use a wheel barrow to cart them around due to the weight and size. Ability to offer numerous locations was expensive and time consuming. 
• Potential harm - The feeder on the left with holes has the ability to wear enamel off teeth and metal grates on the right can cause grooves in teeth. 

Pictured is webbing commonly used in slow feed hay bags. 

• Effectiveness - My experience was that it fed too fast or the horses could not eat at all with smaller openings because the surface area is reduced and the ends of the hay were flattened. There was no in between in regards to rate of consumption. The majority of these bags have the opening at the top, which may allow access to large mouthfuls of hay. This dilemma is often mitigated by hanging the bag higher, requiring your equine to eat in a very awkward posture. 
• Ease of loading and transporting - Loading the hay was easy.  Ability to offer numerous locations can be challenging if you don't have fences or trees to hang them from. 
• Potential harm - This material has the ability to wear enamel off teeth if the horse is required to scrape his teeth across the webbing to extract hay. If the mesh size is large enough to pull hay out with the lips, it may feed too fast for some but this does preserve the enamel.

We ultimately determined netting was the most effective for slow feeding because:

• It has more surface area and conforms to the hay enabling ends to protrude - which allows for lip engagement as the hay is gathered (see demonstration video below)
• Allows a smaller opening to slow the gathering of hay without frustration - and without requiring the individual to scrape teeth across an abrasive surface to extract hay.
• Easy to load.
• Lightweight.
• Requires little to no preparation to provide multiple feeding stations.
• ​Foolproof closures, no cheating!

Do I have any regrets? Yes, I do regret not taking pictures of the progression of the Hay Pillow after giving up on my hard sided feeders and webbing bags. It was quite a journey! There were so many variations in fabric, closures, size, design and mesh/netting types.

The icing on the cake? I'm no longer a prisoner of feeding because I devised a methodical healthy way to offer slow fed free choice forage and have a career I'm super passionate about.  Here's to happier, healthier horses!